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Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology... Dec 2017Examination of dental materials and their properties at the initial stage of the digestive process requires the development of conditions that mimic the environment of... (Review)
Review
Examination of dental materials and their properties at the initial stage of the digestive process requires the development of conditions that mimic the environment of the oral cavity. One of the main components of this area is saliva, where many reactions occur under natural conditions. Human saliva is an important physiological fluid that is essential for the maintenance of good oral health and of the entire human body; it is the place where digestion begins and thus contributes to the supply of those nutrients and health-promoting substances that are essential to the body but may also cause release of potential toxins. Thereby, the main aim of the study was to review the use of artificial saliva models in the context of stomatological and biological research. Biological studies have shown that the amount of biologically active substances in biological material is not the same as their quantity released under the conditions of the human digestive system and thus bioavailable to it. These results show that tables of active ingredients in drugs and food stuffs do not present their actual usefulness and availability to the human body.
Topics: Humans; Saliva; Saliva, Artificial
PubMed: 29550792
DOI: No ID Found -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Jan 2021The human body is a planet populated by myriads of microorganisms all over its surface and in cavities connected to the outside. Experimental and clinical research is... (Review)
Review
The human body is a planet populated by myriads of microorganisms all over its surface and in cavities connected to the outside. Experimental and clinical research is showing that microbial colonizers are a functional and essential part of the human organism. The microbial ecosystem, which is housed in the gastrointestinal tract, provides a "metagenome": genes and additional functions to the genetic resources of the species, which are involved in multiple physiological processes (somatic development, nutrition, immunity, etc.). The human intestine houses lymphoid structures specialized in the induction and regulation of adaptive immunity, and the interaction of the intestinal microbiota with the immune system of the digestive mucosa plays a key role for the individual's homeostasis with the outside world. Some chronic non-communicable inflammatory diseases in developed society are associated with dysbiosis: loss of species richness in the gut microbiota and deviation from the ancestral microbial environment. Generating and maintaining diversity in the gut microbiota is a new clinical goal for health promotion and disease prevention.
Topics: Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Genome, Bacterial; Homeostasis; Humans; Symbiosis
PubMed: 32993305
DOI: 10.20960/nh.03354 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023In the XXI century, application of nanostructures in oral medicine has become common. In oral medicine, using nanostructures for the treatment of dental caries... (Review)
Review
In the XXI century, application of nanostructures in oral medicine has become common. In oral medicine, using nanostructures for the treatment of dental caries constitutes a great challenge. There are extensive studies on the implementation of nanomaterials to dental composites in order to improve their properties, e.g., their adhesive strength. Moreover, nanostructures are helpful in dental implant applications as well as in maxillofacial surgery for accelerated healing, promoting osseointegration, and others. Dental personal care products are an important part of oral medicine where nanomaterials are increasingly used, e.g., toothpaste for hypersensitivity. Nowadays, nanoparticles such as macrocycles are used in different formulations for early cancer diagnosis in the oral area. Cancer of the oral cavity-human squamous carcinoma-is the sixth leading cause of death. Detection in the early stage offers the best chance at total cure. Along with diagnosis, macrocycles are used for photodynamic mechanism-based treatments, which possess many advantages, such as protecting healthy tissues and producing good cosmetic results. Application of nanostructures in medicine carries potential risks, like long-term influence of toxicity on body, which need to be studied further. The introduction and development of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials are no longer part of a hypothetical future, but an increasingly important element of today's medicine.
PubMed: 37513141
DOI: 10.3390/nano13142130 -
The Saudi Dental Journal May 2020The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has one of the highest prevalence of both obesity and dental caries. To date, there has not been any documented evidence linking these... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has one of the highest prevalence of both obesity and dental caries. To date, there has not been any documented evidence linking these two factors. Therefore, the objective was to conduct a systematic review of published studies that have analysed the association between body mass index and dental caries in the KSA for both children and adults.
METHODS
A systematic database search [PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Library] was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria were observational studies, with no limit on the publication date. Search terms included: dental caries, obesity, overweight, body mass index, BMI 'AND' Saudi Arabia. The independent variable was body mass index (BMI), and the primary outcome measure was dental caries prevalence and severity.
RESULTS
From 951 search results, 935 citations were identified and excluded. Of the 16 potentially eligible studies, two citations were excluded, because the studies did not meet the inclusion criteria. This left fourteen studies meeting the criteria to be included in this systematic review. Ten studies outlined children, and four studies assessed adults. For children, two studies resulted in a positive association between high BMI and caries, six studies resulted in a negative association, and two studies had a non-significant association. For adults, two studies resulted in a positive association between high BMI and dental caries, and two studies had a non-significant association. These were rated as having low to moderate risk of bias.
CONCLUSION
As a result of this equivocal outcome within the systematic review, body mass index and dental caries present as a complex association. Further long-term studies are required to translate the findings into clinical practice.
PubMed: 32405220
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.11.002 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2022The implication of severe dental caries in children may have its effect on general health apart from affecting the orodental tissues. Many children reporting with severe...
CONTEXT
The implication of severe dental caries in children may have its effect on general health apart from affecting the orodental tissues. Many children reporting with severe caries have shown weighing less due to malnourishment resulting in anemia and modified somatic growth.
AIMS
Study aimed to assess and compare anthropometric measurements, hemoglobin level, and salivary parameters among caries-free and severe early childhood caries (E-CCC) children.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
For caries-free group [Group I] and S-ECC group [Group II] data were obtained from age-matched children with similar socioeconomic status.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Children with severe caries and without caries from the age-group 3 6 years participated in the study. Children were measured for height, weight, measurement of mid-upper arm circumference, and waist circumference. Hemoglobin level was recorded. The collected unstimulated saliva was assessed for flow rate, salivary pH, and its buffering capacity.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were carried out using Windows software and SPSS (21). Tests of significance namely t-test and Chi-square test were used along with regression analysis.
RESULTS
Caries experience showed no statistical difference for age and gender among the sample population. Significant difference was found for all anthropometric measurements. When comparison for hemoglobin was done for both groups I and II, significant difference was observed [ = 0.003].
CONCLUSION
Children with severe dental caries in the present study had low hemoglobin which, if persisted, can lead to anemia. Though the anthropometric parameters may appear normal in children diagnosed with severe early childhood caries, pediatric dentist should ensure the hemoglobin level test, as iron deficiency can affect growth and development of the child, if left undiagnosed.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Deshpande AN, Sudani U, Wadhwa M, Association of Anthropometric Measurements, Hemoglobin Level and Salivary Parameters among Caries-free and S-ECC Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-2):S164-S171.
PubMed: 35645533
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2144 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2022Cocaine is one of the most often used psychoactive drugs worldwide, being extracted from the leaves of Erytroxylus coca plant. Its abusive use can trigger several... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Cocaine is one of the most often used psychoactive drugs worldwide, being extracted from the leaves of Erytroxylus coca plant. Its abusive use can trigger several consequences for the human body, including the oral cavity.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the oral disorders that are most commonly found in individuals who abuse cocaine, in addition to the main diagnostic and treatment methods.
METHODS
An integrative review was carried out on the databases: LILACS, BBO, LIS, MEDLINE, SciELO, Science Direct and PubMed. The following keywords were used: "Cocaína", "Boca", "Palato" and "Odontologia", together with their synonyms and variations in English, obtained from DeCS and MeSH. The inclusion criteria were original articles, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, studies involving individuals, without restriction related to the year of publication. Animal studies, literature reviews, book chapters, theses and dissertations were excluded.
RESULTS
In total, 1373 records were identified. Of these, 22 articles were selected to comprise the review. Several oral alterations caused by cocaine abuse were found, primarily perforation of the palate, predisposition to periodontal diseases, temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, damage to oral tissues, dental caries, destructive lesions of the facial midline, xerostomia and ageusia. Among the diagnostic methods used by the professionals, anamnesis, intraoral examinations and head and neck computed tomography were the most frequently mentioned. As for treatment, in patients with palatal perforation, the reconstruction of the affected area or the use of prosthetic obturators is carried out.
CONCLUSION
The management of these patients is not an easy task, as many of the users do not even seek professional help. The health professionals must be able to recognize these manifestations and alterations to establish timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Topics: Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Dental Caries; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Xerostomia
PubMed: 34034978
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.04.011 -
Acta Biochimica Polonica 2012Besides their structural catalytic and diverse regulatory functions, proteins are also precursors of many important biological compounds essential for normal functioning... (Review)
Review
Besides their structural catalytic and diverse regulatory functions, proteins are also precursors of many important biological compounds essential for normal functioning of humans. Many of these compounds may be used as markers for identification of specific pathological states. A comprehensive knowledge about the metabolism of salivary proteins and the mechanisms of action of their metabolites allowed the development of effective treatment for many disorders. However, it should not be forgotten that in some pathological conditions, these compounds not only could be involved in the pathogenesis but also could be used as tool in the prediction of many diseases. This paper is a review of the published literature on selected salivary proteins in the context of the physiological processes of the human body and chosen chronic disorders, such as diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, mucositis, oral mycoses and caries.
Topics: Biomarkers; Dental Caries; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Stomatitis
PubMed: 23162806
DOI: No ID Found -
Environmental Microbiology Reports Apr 2022Under natural environmental settings or in the human body, the majority of microorganisms exist in complex polymicrobial biofilms adhered to abiotic and biotic surfaces.... (Review)
Review
Under natural environmental settings or in the human body, the majority of microorganisms exist in complex polymicrobial biofilms adhered to abiotic and biotic surfaces. These microorganisms exhibit symbiotic, mutualistic, synergistic, or antagonistic relationships with other species during biofilm colonization and development. These polymicrobial interactions are heterogeneous, complex and hard to control, thereby often yielding worse outcomes than monospecies infections. Concerning fungi, Candida spp., in particular, Candida albicans is often detected with various bacterial species in oral biofilms. These Candida-bacterial interactions may induce the transition of C. albicans from commensal to pathobiont or dysbiotic organism. Consequently, Candida-bacterial interactions are largely associated with various oral diseases, including dental caries, denture stomatitis, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and oral cancer. Given the severity of oral diseases caused by cross-kingdom consortia that develop hard-to-remove and highly drug-resistant biofilms, fundamental research is warranted to strategically develop cost-effective and safe therapies to prevent and treat cross-kingdom interactions and subsequent biofilm development. While studies have shed some light, targeting fungal-involved polymicrobial biofilms has been limited. This mini-review outlines the key features of Candida-bacterial interactions and their impact on various oral diseases. In addition, current knowledge on therapeutic strategies to target Candida-bacterial polymicrobial biofilms is discussed.
Topics: Biofilms; Candida; Candida albicans; Dental Caries; Humans; Symbiosis
PubMed: 35218311
DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13053 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2022Even though various studies recognize the importance of the oral cavity to have general health, in multidisciplinary professional practice it is almost always excluded... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Even though various studies recognize the importance of the oral cavity to have general health, in multidisciplinary professional practice it is almost always excluded and on an individual basis, very commonly neglected. Oral diseases are preventable, still, they are highly prevalent. Although some studies consider oral health within integral health, currently, there is no model in which the mouth is integrated within other levels for the achievement of well-being. The objective of this article was to review the importance of oral health and its connection with well-being and, based on these findings, propose a complex and comprehensive perspective for approach and care.
METHODS
The databases MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar were revised for randomized controlled trials and reviews that included search terms related to oral health and its relationship with the general health in its different levels (physical, psychological, social and environmental).
RESULTS
The review shows that oral health is critical, as the teeth and mouth are not only an integral part of the body, but also, they also support and enable essential human functions. That is, oral health has a multidimensional nature, as it includes the physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains that are essential for overall health and well-being. Likewise, the mouth is the psychological seat of the first physiological needs and emotional gratifications, with it we take a taste of the world around us. Thus, the mouth plays an important role in the feeling of unity and in the constitution of the self. Based on these results we propose an integrative model in which the mouth is the first step for well-being and from this integrative model we build a multidisciplinary approach which could be used in the clinical practice for the promotion of oral care and general health.
CONCLUSION
The effort on the part of oral health professionals is essential for people's well-being and must be integrated as part of health promotion. Dental treatments alone cannot solve this problem, it requires a comprehensive and approach in which the bio-psychological, behavioral, and socio-environmental determinants are included to face this global oral health challenge. That is, without a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to medical science that includes dental and oral health, our public policies cannot provide the best answers to health promotion, disease prevention, early detection, and treatment.
PubMed: 36186536
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.971223